Publications
JOURNAL ARTICLES
Wang, Z., Z. Zhong, J. F. Cahill, E. M. Holden, H. Y. Wan, L. B. Hysen, Y. Gao, Z. Wang, O. Batlai, J. H. Cushman and D. Wang. 2023. Standing litter modifies top-down effects of large herbivores on a grassland plant community. Ecosystems 1-12 (PDF).
Reikowski, E. S., T. K. Refsland, & J. H. Cushman. 2022. Ungulate herbivores as drivers of aspen recruitment and understory composition throughout arid montane landscapes. Ecosphere 13(9):e4225 (PDF).
Zhong, Z., X. Li, C. Smit, T. Li, L. Wang, V. Aschero, D. Vázquez, M. Ritchie, J. H. Cushman, and D. Wang. 2022. Large herbivores facilitate a dominant grassland plant via multiple indirect effects. Ecology (PDF).
Refsland, T. K. and J. H. Cushman. 2021. Continent-wide synthesis of the long-term dynamics and drivers of population decline in a foundation tree species across multiple biomes. Oecologia 197:25-42 (PDF).
Hughey, L. F., K. T. Shoemaker, K. M. Stewart, D. J. McCauley, and J. H. Cushman. 2021. Effects of human-altered landscapes on a native, reintroduced ungulate: patterns of habitat selection at the rangeland-wildland interface. Biological Conservation. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109086 (PDF).
Freund, S. M., B. A. Newingham, J. C. Chambers, A. K. Urza, B. A. Roundy, and J. H. Cushman. 2021. Plant functional groups and species contribute to ecological resilience a decade after woodland expansion treatments. Ecosphere 12(1):e03325 (PDF).
Dodge, V., V. E. Eviner & J. H. Cushman. 2020. Context-dependent effects of a large mammalian herbivore on soil properties and processes due to soil texture and herbivore activity. Ecology and Evolution 10:10858-10871 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., L. E. Saunders & T. K. Refsland. 2020. Long-term and interactive effects of different mammalian consumers on growth, survival and recruitment of dominant tree species. Ecology and Evolution 10:8801–8814 (PDF).
Forbes, E. S., J. H. Cushman, D. E. Burkepile, T. P. Young, M. Klope, & H. S. Young. 2019. Synthesizing the effects of large, wild herbivore exclusion on ecosystem function. Functional Ecology 33:1597–1610 (PDF).
Cecil, E., M. J. Spasojevic & J. H. Cushman. 2019. Cascading effects of mammalian herbivores on ground-dwelling arthropods: variable responses across arthropod groups, habitats and seasons. Journal of Animal Ecology 88:1319–1331 (PDF).
Kleinhesselink, A. R. & J. H. Cushman. 2019. Effects of native bryophytes on exotic grass invasion across an environmental gradient. Ecosphere 10(6):e02769 (PDF).
Ellis, T. D., & J. H. Cushman. 2018. Indirect effects of a large mammalian herbivore on small mammal populations: context-dependent variation across habitat types, mammal species and seasons. Ecology & Evolution 8:12115–12125 (PDF).
Ender, C. L., C. E. Christian & J. H. Cushman. 2017. Native herbivores and environmental heterogeneity as mediators of an exotic grass invasion. Ecology and Evolution 7:1561–1571 (PDF).
Haas, S. E., J. H. Cushman, W. W. Dillon, N. E. Rank, D. M. Rizzo and R. K. Meentemeyer. 2016. Effects of individual, community and landscape drivers on the dynamics of a wildland forest epidemic. Ecology 97:649-660 (PDF).
Kleinhesselink, A. R., S. M. Magnoli, & J. H. Cushman. 2014. Shrubs as ecosystem engineers across an environmental gradient: effects on species richness and exotic plant invasion. Oecologia 175:1277-1290 (PDF).
Magnoli, S. M., A. R. Kleinhesselink, & J. H. Cushman. 2013. Responses to invasion and invader removal differ between native and exotic plant groups in a coastal dune. Oecologia 173:1521-1530 (PDF).
Skaer, M. J., D. J. Graydon & J. H. Cushman. 2013. Community-level consequences of cattle grazing for an invaded grassland: variable responses of native and exotic vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science 24:332-343 (PDF).
Gordon, S. P., C. M. Sloop, H. G. Davis & J. H. Cushman. 2012. Population genetic diversity and structure of two rare vernal pool grasses in central California. Conservation Genetics 13:117-130 (PDF).
Lamsal, S., R. C. Cobb, J. H. Cushman, Q. Meng, D. M. Rizzo & R. K. Meentemeyer. 2011. Spatial estimation of the density and carbon content of host populations for Phytophthora ramorum in California and Oregon. Forest Ecology & Management 262:989-998 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., C. J. Lortie & C. E. Christian. 2011. Native herbivores and plant facilitation mediate the performance and distribution of an invasive exotic grass. Journal of Ecology 99:524-531 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., J. C. Waller & D. R. Hoak. 2010. Shrubs as ecosystem engineers in a coastal dune: influences on plant populations, communities and ecosystems. Journal of Vegetation Science 21:821-831 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & K. A. Gaffney. 2010. Community-level consequences of invasion: impacts of exotic clonal plants on riparian vegetation. Biological Invasions 12:2765-2776 (PDF).
Huntzinger, M., R. Karban & J. H. Cushman. 2008. Negative effects of vertebrate herbivores on invertebrates in a coastal dune community. Ecology 89:1972-1980 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & R. K. Meentemeyer. 2008. Multi-scale patterns of human activity and the incidence of an exotic forest pathogen. Journal of Ecology 96:766-776 (PDF).
Meentemeyer, R. K., N. E. Rank, B. L. Anaker, D. M. Rizzo & J. H. Cushman. 2008. Influence of land-cover change on the spread of an invasive forest pathogen. Ecological Applications 18:159-171 (PDF).
Lortie, C. J. & J. H. Cushman. 2007. Effects of a directional abiotic gradient on plant community dynamics and invasion in a coastal dune system. Journal of Ecology 95:468-481 (PDF).
Johnson, B. E., & J. H. Cushman. 2007. Large herbivore reintroduction influences plant invasion dynamics and community composition in a California grassland. Conservation Biology 21:515-526 (PDF).
Tierney, T., & J. H. Cushman 2006. Temporal changes in native and exotic vegetation and soil characteristics following disturbances by feral pigs in a California grassland. Biological Invasions 8:1073-1089 (PDF).
McNeil, S. G, & J. H. Cushman. 2005. Indirect effects of deer herbivory on local nitrogen availability in a coastal dune ecosystem. Oikos 110:124-132 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., T. A. Tierney, and J. M. Hinds. 2004. Variable effects of feral pig disturbances on native and exotic plants in a California grassland. Ecological Applications 14:1746-1756 (PDF).
Alvarez, M. E., & J. H. Cushman. 2002. Community level consequences of a biological invasion: effects of a non-native vine on three plant communities. Ecological Applications 12:1434-1444 (PDF).
Warner, P. J., & J. H. Cushman. 2002. Influence of herbivores on a perennial plant: variation with life history stage and herbivore species. Oecologia 132:77-85 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., S. G. Compton, C. Zacharides, A. B. Ware, R. J. C. Nefdt, & V. K. Rashbrook. 1998. Geographic and taxonomic distribution of a positive interaction: ant-tended homopterans indirectly benefit figs across southern Africa. Oecologia, 116:373-380 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., C. L. Boggs, S. B. Weiss, D. D. Murphy, A. W. Harvey, & P. R. Ehrlich. 1994. Estimating female reproductive success of a threatened butterfly: influence of emergence time and hostplant phenology. Oecologia 99:194-200 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., V. K. Rashbrook, & A. J. Beattie. 1994. Assessing benefits to both participants in a lycaenid-ant association. Ecology 75:1031-1041 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., J. H. Lawton, & B. F. J. Manly. 1993. Latitudinal patterns in European ant assemblages: variation in species richness and body size. Oecologia 95:30-38 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & D. D. Murphy. 1993. Susceptibility of lycaenid butterflies to endangerment: implications for invertebrate conservation. Wings (Xerces Society) 17:16-21 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & A. J. Beattie. 1991. Mutualisms: assessing benefits to hosts and visitors. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 6:193-195 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & T. G. Whitham. 1991. Competition mediating the outcome of a mutualism: ants as a limiting resource for membracids. American Naturalist 138:851-865 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H. 1991. Host-plant mediation of insect mutualisms; variable outcomes in ant-herbivore interactions. Oikos 61:138-144 (PDF).
Martinsen, G. D., J. H. Cushman, & T. G. Whitham. 1990. Impact of pocket gopher disturbances on the diversity of a prairie community. Oecologia 83:132-138 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & T. G. Whitham. 1989. Conditional mutualism in a membracid-ant association; temporal, age-specific, and density-dependent effects. Ecology 70:1040-1047 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & J. F. Addicott. 1989. Intra- and interspecific competition for mutualists; ants as a limited and limiting resource for aphids. Oecologia 79:315-321 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H. 1989. Vertical size gradients and migratory patterns of two Nerita species in the northern Gulf of California. Veliger 32:147-151 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., G. D. Martinsen, & A. I. Mazeroll. 1988. Density- and size-dependent spacing of ant nests; evidence for intraspecific competition. Oecologia 77:522-525 (PDF).
EDITED BOOKS
Mooney, H. A., J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina, editors. 1996. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: A Global Perspective. Wiley Press, New York.
Orians, G. H., R. Dirzo, & J. H. Cushman, editors. 1996. Diversity and Processes in Tropical Forest Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (link).
BOOK CHAPTERS
Cushman, J. H. 2007. History and ecology of feral pig invasions in California grasslands. In California Grasslands: Ecology and Management (M. Stromberg, J. Corbin and C. D’Antonio). University of California Press, Berkeley, CA (PDF).
Mooney, H. A., J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina. 1996. The SCOPE ecosystem functioning of biodiversity program. In Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: A Global Perspective, pages 1-6 (H.A. Mooney, J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina, editors). Wiley Press, New York (PDF).
Mooney, H. A., J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina. 1996. What have we learned about ecosystem functioning of biodiversity? In Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: A Global Perspective, pages 475-484 (H.A. Mooney, J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina, editors). Wiley Press, New York (PDF).
Orians, G. H., R. Dirzo, & J. H. Cushman. 1996. Impact of biodiversity on ecosystem processes in tropical forests. In Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: A Global Perspective, pages 213-244 (H.A. Mooney, J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina, editors). Wiley Press, New York (PDF).
Orians, G. H., R. Dirzo, & J. H. Cushman. 1996. Introduction. In Diversity and Processes in Tropical Forest Ecosystems, pages 1-9. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (link).
Orians, G. H., R. Dirzo, & J. H. Cushman. 1996. Synthesis. In Diversity and Processes in Tropical Forest Ecosystems, pages 195-220. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Cushman, J. H. 1995. Ecosystem-level consequences of species additions and deletions on islands. In Islands: Biological Diversity and Ecosystem Function (P. M. Vitousek, H. Adsersen, L. L. Loope, editors), pages 135-147. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (link).
Cushman, J. H., R. Dirzo, A. C. Janetos, J. Lubchenco, H. A. Mooney, & O. E. Sala. 1995. Introduction (Chapter 5.0) and Conclusions (Chapter 5.4) – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Basic Principles (Section 5). In Global Biodiversity Assessment (United Nations Environment Programme: V. H. Heywood & R. T. Watson, editors), pages 281-282 and 323-325. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Cushman, J. H., R. Dirzo, A. C. Janetos, J. Lubchenco, H. A. Mooney, & O. E. Sala. 1995. Introduction (Chapter 6.0) and Conclusions (Chapter 6.3) – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Ecosystem Analyses (Section 6). In Global Biodiversity Assessment (United Nations Environment Programme: V. H. Heywood & R. T. Watson, editors), pages 335 and 446-452. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Orians, G. H., R. Dirzo, J. H. Cushman, E. Medina, & S. J. Wright. 1995. Tropical Forests (Chapter 6.12) – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Ecosystem Analyses (Section 6). In Global Biodiversity Assessment (United Nations Environment Programme: V. H. Heywood & R. T. Watson, editors), pages 339-344. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Dirzo, R., S. Naeem, & J. H. Cushman. 1995. Biotic Linkages and Ecosystem Functioning (Chapter 6.2.6) – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Ecosystem Analyses (Section 6). In Global Biodiversity Assessment (United Nations Environment Programme: V. H. Heywood & R. T. Watson, editors), pages 427-432. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Cushman, J. H., & D. D. Murphy. 1993. Conservation of North American Lycaenids – an overview. In Conservation Biology of Lycaenidae (Butterflies) (T. W. New, editor), pages 37-44. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland (link).
Cushman, J. H. 1993. The mission blue, Plebejus icarioides missionensis Hovanitz. In Conservation Biology of Lycaenidae (Butterflies) (T. W. New, editor), pages 139-140. International Union for the Conservation of Nature; Gland, Switzerland (link).
Cushman, J. H., & A. J. Beattie. 1992. Determining Australia's sustainable population size. Sydney Morning Herald (January 28, page 11).
Cushman, J. H., & J. F. Addicott. 1991. Conditional interactions in ant-plant-herbivore mutualisms. In Ant-Plant Interactions (C. R. Huxley & D. F. Cutler, editors), pages 92-103. Oxford University Press, Oxford (link).
OP-EDS, COMMENTARIES & BOOK REVIEWS
Cushman, J. H. 2021 (February 3). Remembering our guiding principles: finding our way in turbulent times. Medium (link).
Cushman, J. H. 1992. A politician on the environment - Albert Gore's Earth in the Balance. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:395-396 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & A. J. Beattie. 1992 (January 28). Determining Australia's sustainable population size. Sydney Morning Herald (page 11).
PUBLISHED TECHNICAL REPORTS
Rank, N. J. H. Cushman, R. Meentemeyer, & D. Rizzo. 2010. Establishment of Phytophthora ramorum depends on woodland diversity and species composition. Pages 356-357 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Fourth Science Symposium. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-229. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Cushman, J. H., M. Cooper, R. K. Meentemeyer & S. Benson. 2008. Human Activity and the spread of Phytophthora ramorum. Pages 179-180 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death 3rd Science Symposium. Frankel, S. J., J. T. Kliejunas, K. M. Palmieri, technical coordinators). General Technical Report PSW-GTR-214. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Rank, N., J. H. Cushman, B. Anacker, D. Rizzo & R. Meentemeyer. 2008. Influence of oak woodland composition and structure on infection by Phytophthora ramorum. Pages 219-220 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death 3rd Science Symposium. Frankel, S. J., J. T. Kliejunas, K. M. Palmieri, technical coordinators). General Technical Report PSW-GTR-214. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Meentemeyer, R. K., N. E. Rank, B. L. Anacker, D. M. Rizzo & J. H, Cushman. 2008. Influence of woodland expansion (1942 to 2000) on the establishment of Phytophthora ramorum. Pages 223-224 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death 3rd Science Symposium. Frankel, S. J., J. T. Kliejunas, K. M. Palmieri, technical coordinators). General Technical Report PSW-GTR-214. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Rank, N., J. H. Cushman, and R. Meentemeyer. 2008. Woodland structure affects intensity of infection by an exotic forest pathogen. Page 197 in Proceedings of the 6th California oak symposium: today’s challenges, tomorrow’s opportunities. Merenlender, A., D. McCreary, K. L. Purcell, technical editors. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-217. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Cushman, J. H. & R. Meentemeyer. 2008. Human activity and spread of the pathogen that causes Sudden Oak Death. Page 243 in Proceedings of the 6th California oak symposium: today’s challenges, tomorrow’s opportunities. Merenlender, A., D. McCreary, K. L. Purcell, technical editors. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-217. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Cooper, M.& J. H. Cushman. 2008. Effects of recreation on the dispersal of Phytophthora ramorum. Page 245 in Proceedings of the 6th California oak symposium: today’s challenges, tomorrow’s opportunities. Merenlender, A., D. McCreary, K. L. Purcell, technical editors. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-217. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Meentemeyer, R. & J. H. Cushman. 2008. Long-term change in oak woodlands and its influence on a forest disease. Page 249 in Proceedings of the 6th California oak symposium: today’s challenges, tomorrow’s opportunities. Merenlender, A., D. McCreary, K. L. Purcell, technical editors. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-217. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Cushman, J. H. & R. Meentemeyer. 2006. The importance of humans in the dispersal and spread of Phytophthora ramorum at local, landscape, and regional scales. Pages 161-164 in Proceedings of Sudden Oak Death 2nd Science Symposium. Frankel, S. J., P. J. Shea, M. I. Haverty, technical coordinators). General Technical Report PSW-GTR-196. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Wang, Z., Z. Zhong, J. F. Cahill, E. M. Holden, H. Y. Wan, L. B. Hysen, Y. Gao, Z. Wang, O. Batlai, J. H. Cushman and D. Wang. 2023. Standing litter modifies top-down effects of large herbivores on a grassland plant community. Ecosystems 1-12 (PDF).
Reikowski, E. S., T. K. Refsland, & J. H. Cushman. 2022. Ungulate herbivores as drivers of aspen recruitment and understory composition throughout arid montane landscapes. Ecosphere 13(9):e4225 (PDF).
Zhong, Z., X. Li, C. Smit, T. Li, L. Wang, V. Aschero, D. Vázquez, M. Ritchie, J. H. Cushman, and D. Wang. 2022. Large herbivores facilitate a dominant grassland plant via multiple indirect effects. Ecology (PDF).
Refsland, T. K. and J. H. Cushman. 2021. Continent-wide synthesis of the long-term dynamics and drivers of population decline in a foundation tree species across multiple biomes. Oecologia 197:25-42 (PDF).
Hughey, L. F., K. T. Shoemaker, K. M. Stewart, D. J. McCauley, and J. H. Cushman. 2021. Effects of human-altered landscapes on a native, reintroduced ungulate: patterns of habitat selection at the rangeland-wildland interface. Biological Conservation. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109086 (PDF).
Freund, S. M., B. A. Newingham, J. C. Chambers, A. K. Urza, B. A. Roundy, and J. H. Cushman. 2021. Plant functional groups and species contribute to ecological resilience a decade after woodland expansion treatments. Ecosphere 12(1):e03325 (PDF).
Dodge, V., V. E. Eviner & J. H. Cushman. 2020. Context-dependent effects of a large mammalian herbivore on soil properties and processes due to soil texture and herbivore activity. Ecology and Evolution 10:10858-10871 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., L. E. Saunders & T. K. Refsland. 2020. Long-term and interactive effects of different mammalian consumers on growth, survival and recruitment of dominant tree species. Ecology and Evolution 10:8801–8814 (PDF).
Forbes, E. S., J. H. Cushman, D. E. Burkepile, T. P. Young, M. Klope, & H. S. Young. 2019. Synthesizing the effects of large, wild herbivore exclusion on ecosystem function. Functional Ecology 33:1597–1610 (PDF).
Cecil, E., M. J. Spasojevic & J. H. Cushman. 2019. Cascading effects of mammalian herbivores on ground-dwelling arthropods: variable responses across arthropod groups, habitats and seasons. Journal of Animal Ecology 88:1319–1331 (PDF).
Kleinhesselink, A. R. & J. H. Cushman. 2019. Effects of native bryophytes on exotic grass invasion across an environmental gradient. Ecosphere 10(6):e02769 (PDF).
Ellis, T. D., & J. H. Cushman. 2018. Indirect effects of a large mammalian herbivore on small mammal populations: context-dependent variation across habitat types, mammal species and seasons. Ecology & Evolution 8:12115–12125 (PDF).
Ender, C. L., C. E. Christian & J. H. Cushman. 2017. Native herbivores and environmental heterogeneity as mediators of an exotic grass invasion. Ecology and Evolution 7:1561–1571 (PDF).
Haas, S. E., J. H. Cushman, W. W. Dillon, N. E. Rank, D. M. Rizzo and R. K. Meentemeyer. 2016. Effects of individual, community and landscape drivers on the dynamics of a wildland forest epidemic. Ecology 97:649-660 (PDF).
Kleinhesselink, A. R., S. M. Magnoli, & J. H. Cushman. 2014. Shrubs as ecosystem engineers across an environmental gradient: effects on species richness and exotic plant invasion. Oecologia 175:1277-1290 (PDF).
Magnoli, S. M., A. R. Kleinhesselink, & J. H. Cushman. 2013. Responses to invasion and invader removal differ between native and exotic plant groups in a coastal dune. Oecologia 173:1521-1530 (PDF).
Skaer, M. J., D. J. Graydon & J. H. Cushman. 2013. Community-level consequences of cattle grazing for an invaded grassland: variable responses of native and exotic vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science 24:332-343 (PDF).
Gordon, S. P., C. M. Sloop, H. G. Davis & J. H. Cushman. 2012. Population genetic diversity and structure of two rare vernal pool grasses in central California. Conservation Genetics 13:117-130 (PDF).
Lamsal, S., R. C. Cobb, J. H. Cushman, Q. Meng, D. M. Rizzo & R. K. Meentemeyer. 2011. Spatial estimation of the density and carbon content of host populations for Phytophthora ramorum in California and Oregon. Forest Ecology & Management 262:989-998 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., C. J. Lortie & C. E. Christian. 2011. Native herbivores and plant facilitation mediate the performance and distribution of an invasive exotic grass. Journal of Ecology 99:524-531 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., J. C. Waller & D. R. Hoak. 2010. Shrubs as ecosystem engineers in a coastal dune: influences on plant populations, communities and ecosystems. Journal of Vegetation Science 21:821-831 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & K. A. Gaffney. 2010. Community-level consequences of invasion: impacts of exotic clonal plants on riparian vegetation. Biological Invasions 12:2765-2776 (PDF).
Huntzinger, M., R. Karban & J. H. Cushman. 2008. Negative effects of vertebrate herbivores on invertebrates in a coastal dune community. Ecology 89:1972-1980 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & R. K. Meentemeyer. 2008. Multi-scale patterns of human activity and the incidence of an exotic forest pathogen. Journal of Ecology 96:766-776 (PDF).
Meentemeyer, R. K., N. E. Rank, B. L. Anaker, D. M. Rizzo & J. H. Cushman. 2008. Influence of land-cover change on the spread of an invasive forest pathogen. Ecological Applications 18:159-171 (PDF).
Lortie, C. J. & J. H. Cushman. 2007. Effects of a directional abiotic gradient on plant community dynamics and invasion in a coastal dune system. Journal of Ecology 95:468-481 (PDF).
Johnson, B. E., & J. H. Cushman. 2007. Large herbivore reintroduction influences plant invasion dynamics and community composition in a California grassland. Conservation Biology 21:515-526 (PDF).
Tierney, T., & J. H. Cushman 2006. Temporal changes in native and exotic vegetation and soil characteristics following disturbances by feral pigs in a California grassland. Biological Invasions 8:1073-1089 (PDF).
McNeil, S. G, & J. H. Cushman. 2005. Indirect effects of deer herbivory on local nitrogen availability in a coastal dune ecosystem. Oikos 110:124-132 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., T. A. Tierney, and J. M. Hinds. 2004. Variable effects of feral pig disturbances on native and exotic plants in a California grassland. Ecological Applications 14:1746-1756 (PDF).
Alvarez, M. E., & J. H. Cushman. 2002. Community level consequences of a biological invasion: effects of a non-native vine on three plant communities. Ecological Applications 12:1434-1444 (PDF).
Warner, P. J., & J. H. Cushman. 2002. Influence of herbivores on a perennial plant: variation with life history stage and herbivore species. Oecologia 132:77-85 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., S. G. Compton, C. Zacharides, A. B. Ware, R. J. C. Nefdt, & V. K. Rashbrook. 1998. Geographic and taxonomic distribution of a positive interaction: ant-tended homopterans indirectly benefit figs across southern Africa. Oecologia, 116:373-380 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., C. L. Boggs, S. B. Weiss, D. D. Murphy, A. W. Harvey, & P. R. Ehrlich. 1994. Estimating female reproductive success of a threatened butterfly: influence of emergence time and hostplant phenology. Oecologia 99:194-200 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., V. K. Rashbrook, & A. J. Beattie. 1994. Assessing benefits to both participants in a lycaenid-ant association. Ecology 75:1031-1041 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., J. H. Lawton, & B. F. J. Manly. 1993. Latitudinal patterns in European ant assemblages: variation in species richness and body size. Oecologia 95:30-38 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & D. D. Murphy. 1993. Susceptibility of lycaenid butterflies to endangerment: implications for invertebrate conservation. Wings (Xerces Society) 17:16-21 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & A. J. Beattie. 1991. Mutualisms: assessing benefits to hosts and visitors. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 6:193-195 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & T. G. Whitham. 1991. Competition mediating the outcome of a mutualism: ants as a limiting resource for membracids. American Naturalist 138:851-865 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H. 1991. Host-plant mediation of insect mutualisms; variable outcomes in ant-herbivore interactions. Oikos 61:138-144 (PDF).
Martinsen, G. D., J. H. Cushman, & T. G. Whitham. 1990. Impact of pocket gopher disturbances on the diversity of a prairie community. Oecologia 83:132-138 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & T. G. Whitham. 1989. Conditional mutualism in a membracid-ant association; temporal, age-specific, and density-dependent effects. Ecology 70:1040-1047 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & J. F. Addicott. 1989. Intra- and interspecific competition for mutualists; ants as a limited and limiting resource for aphids. Oecologia 79:315-321 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H. 1989. Vertical size gradients and migratory patterns of two Nerita species in the northern Gulf of California. Veliger 32:147-151 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., G. D. Martinsen, & A. I. Mazeroll. 1988. Density- and size-dependent spacing of ant nests; evidence for intraspecific competition. Oecologia 77:522-525 (PDF).
EDITED BOOKS
Mooney, H. A., J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina, editors. 1996. Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: A Global Perspective. Wiley Press, New York.
Orians, G. H., R. Dirzo, & J. H. Cushman, editors. 1996. Diversity and Processes in Tropical Forest Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (link).
BOOK CHAPTERS
Cushman, J. H. 2007. History and ecology of feral pig invasions in California grasslands. In California Grasslands: Ecology and Management (M. Stromberg, J. Corbin and C. D’Antonio). University of California Press, Berkeley, CA (PDF).
Mooney, H. A., J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina. 1996. The SCOPE ecosystem functioning of biodiversity program. In Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: A Global Perspective, pages 1-6 (H.A. Mooney, J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina, editors). Wiley Press, New York (PDF).
Mooney, H. A., J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina. 1996. What have we learned about ecosystem functioning of biodiversity? In Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: A Global Perspective, pages 475-484 (H.A. Mooney, J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina, editors). Wiley Press, New York (PDF).
Orians, G. H., R. Dirzo, & J. H. Cushman. 1996. Impact of biodiversity on ecosystem processes in tropical forests. In Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: A Global Perspective, pages 213-244 (H.A. Mooney, J. H. Cushman, O. E. Sala, E.-D. Schulze, & E. Medina, editors). Wiley Press, New York (PDF).
Orians, G. H., R. Dirzo, & J. H. Cushman. 1996. Introduction. In Diversity and Processes in Tropical Forest Ecosystems, pages 1-9. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (link).
Orians, G. H., R. Dirzo, & J. H. Cushman. 1996. Synthesis. In Diversity and Processes in Tropical Forest Ecosystems, pages 195-220. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Cushman, J. H. 1995. Ecosystem-level consequences of species additions and deletions on islands. In Islands: Biological Diversity and Ecosystem Function (P. M. Vitousek, H. Adsersen, L. L. Loope, editors), pages 135-147. Springer-Verlag, Berlin (link).
Cushman, J. H., R. Dirzo, A. C. Janetos, J. Lubchenco, H. A. Mooney, & O. E. Sala. 1995. Introduction (Chapter 5.0) and Conclusions (Chapter 5.4) – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Basic Principles (Section 5). In Global Biodiversity Assessment (United Nations Environment Programme: V. H. Heywood & R. T. Watson, editors), pages 281-282 and 323-325. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Cushman, J. H., R. Dirzo, A. C. Janetos, J. Lubchenco, H. A. Mooney, & O. E. Sala. 1995. Introduction (Chapter 6.0) and Conclusions (Chapter 6.3) – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Ecosystem Analyses (Section 6). In Global Biodiversity Assessment (United Nations Environment Programme: V. H. Heywood & R. T. Watson, editors), pages 335 and 446-452. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Orians, G. H., R. Dirzo, J. H. Cushman, E. Medina, & S. J. Wright. 1995. Tropical Forests (Chapter 6.12) – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Ecosystem Analyses (Section 6). In Global Biodiversity Assessment (United Nations Environment Programme: V. H. Heywood & R. T. Watson, editors), pages 339-344. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Dirzo, R., S. Naeem, & J. H. Cushman. 1995. Biotic Linkages and Ecosystem Functioning (Chapter 6.2.6) – Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Ecosystem Analyses (Section 6). In Global Biodiversity Assessment (United Nations Environment Programme: V. H. Heywood & R. T. Watson, editors), pages 427-432. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Cushman, J. H., & D. D. Murphy. 1993. Conservation of North American Lycaenids – an overview. In Conservation Biology of Lycaenidae (Butterflies) (T. W. New, editor), pages 37-44. International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland (link).
Cushman, J. H. 1993. The mission blue, Plebejus icarioides missionensis Hovanitz. In Conservation Biology of Lycaenidae (Butterflies) (T. W. New, editor), pages 139-140. International Union for the Conservation of Nature; Gland, Switzerland (link).
Cushman, J. H., & A. J. Beattie. 1992. Determining Australia's sustainable population size. Sydney Morning Herald (January 28, page 11).
Cushman, J. H., & J. F. Addicott. 1991. Conditional interactions in ant-plant-herbivore mutualisms. In Ant-Plant Interactions (C. R. Huxley & D. F. Cutler, editors), pages 92-103. Oxford University Press, Oxford (link).
OP-EDS, COMMENTARIES & BOOK REVIEWS
Cushman, J. H. 2021 (February 3). Remembering our guiding principles: finding our way in turbulent times. Medium (link).
Cushman, J. H. 1992. A politician on the environment - Albert Gore's Earth in the Balance. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7:395-396 (PDF).
Cushman, J. H., & A. J. Beattie. 1992 (January 28). Determining Australia's sustainable population size. Sydney Morning Herald (page 11).
PUBLISHED TECHNICAL REPORTS
Rank, N. J. H. Cushman, R. Meentemeyer, & D. Rizzo. 2010. Establishment of Phytophthora ramorum depends on woodland diversity and species composition. Pages 356-357 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death Fourth Science Symposium. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-229. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Cushman, J. H., M. Cooper, R. K. Meentemeyer & S. Benson. 2008. Human Activity and the spread of Phytophthora ramorum. Pages 179-180 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death 3rd Science Symposium. Frankel, S. J., J. T. Kliejunas, K. M. Palmieri, technical coordinators). General Technical Report PSW-GTR-214. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Rank, N., J. H. Cushman, B. Anacker, D. Rizzo & R. Meentemeyer. 2008. Influence of oak woodland composition and structure on infection by Phytophthora ramorum. Pages 219-220 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death 3rd Science Symposium. Frankel, S. J., J. T. Kliejunas, K. M. Palmieri, technical coordinators). General Technical Report PSW-GTR-214. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Meentemeyer, R. K., N. E. Rank, B. L. Anacker, D. M. Rizzo & J. H, Cushman. 2008. Influence of woodland expansion (1942 to 2000) on the establishment of Phytophthora ramorum. Pages 223-224 in Proceedings of the Sudden Oak Death 3rd Science Symposium. Frankel, S. J., J. T. Kliejunas, K. M. Palmieri, technical coordinators). General Technical Report PSW-GTR-214. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Rank, N., J. H. Cushman, and R. Meentemeyer. 2008. Woodland structure affects intensity of infection by an exotic forest pathogen. Page 197 in Proceedings of the 6th California oak symposium: today’s challenges, tomorrow’s opportunities. Merenlender, A., D. McCreary, K. L. Purcell, technical editors. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-217. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Cushman, J. H. & R. Meentemeyer. 2008. Human activity and spread of the pathogen that causes Sudden Oak Death. Page 243 in Proceedings of the 6th California oak symposium: today’s challenges, tomorrow’s opportunities. Merenlender, A., D. McCreary, K. L. Purcell, technical editors. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-217. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Cooper, M.& J. H. Cushman. 2008. Effects of recreation on the dispersal of Phytophthora ramorum. Page 245 in Proceedings of the 6th California oak symposium: today’s challenges, tomorrow’s opportunities. Merenlender, A., D. McCreary, K. L. Purcell, technical editors. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-217. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Meentemeyer, R. & J. H. Cushman. 2008. Long-term change in oak woodlands and its influence on a forest disease. Page 249 in Proceedings of the 6th California oak symposium: today’s challenges, tomorrow’s opportunities. Merenlender, A., D. McCreary, K. L. Purcell, technical editors. General Technical Report PSW-GTR-217. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.
Cushman, J. H. & R. Meentemeyer. 2006. The importance of humans in the dispersal and spread of Phytophthora ramorum at local, landscape, and regional scales. Pages 161-164 in Proceedings of Sudden Oak Death 2nd Science Symposium. Frankel, S. J., P. J. Shea, M. I. Haverty, technical coordinators). General Technical Report PSW-GTR-196. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station.